env_settings.py 14 KB

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  1. import os
  2. import warnings
  3. from pathlib import Path
  4. from typing import AbstractSet, Any, Callable, ClassVar, Dict, List, Mapping, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union
  5. from pydantic.v1.config import BaseConfig, Extra
  6. from pydantic.v1.fields import ModelField
  7. from pydantic.v1.main import BaseModel
  8. from pydantic.v1.types import JsonWrapper
  9. from pydantic.v1.typing import StrPath, display_as_type, get_origin, is_union
  10. from pydantic.v1.utils import deep_update, lenient_issubclass, path_type, sequence_like
  11. env_file_sentinel = str(object())
  12. SettingsSourceCallable = Callable[['BaseSettings'], Dict[str, Any]]
  13. DotenvType = Union[StrPath, List[StrPath], Tuple[StrPath, ...]]
  14. class SettingsError(ValueError):
  15. pass
  16. class BaseSettings(BaseModel):
  17. """
  18. Base class for settings, allowing values to be overridden by environment variables.
  19. This is useful in production for secrets you do not wish to save in code, it plays nicely with docker(-compose),
  20. Heroku and any 12 factor app design.
  21. """
  22. def __init__(
  23. __pydantic_self__,
  24. _env_file: Optional[DotenvType] = env_file_sentinel,
  25. _env_file_encoding: Optional[str] = None,
  26. _env_nested_delimiter: Optional[str] = None,
  27. _secrets_dir: Optional[StrPath] = None,
  28. **values: Any,
  29. ) -> None:
  30. # Uses something other than `self` the first arg to allow "self" as a settable attribute
  31. super().__init__(
  32. **__pydantic_self__._build_values(
  33. values,
  34. _env_file=_env_file,
  35. _env_file_encoding=_env_file_encoding,
  36. _env_nested_delimiter=_env_nested_delimiter,
  37. _secrets_dir=_secrets_dir,
  38. )
  39. )
  40. def _build_values(
  41. self,
  42. init_kwargs: Dict[str, Any],
  43. _env_file: Optional[DotenvType] = None,
  44. _env_file_encoding: Optional[str] = None,
  45. _env_nested_delimiter: Optional[str] = None,
  46. _secrets_dir: Optional[StrPath] = None,
  47. ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
  48. # Configure built-in sources
  49. init_settings = InitSettingsSource(init_kwargs=init_kwargs)
  50. env_settings = EnvSettingsSource(
  51. env_file=(_env_file if _env_file != env_file_sentinel else self.__config__.env_file),
  52. env_file_encoding=(
  53. _env_file_encoding if _env_file_encoding is not None else self.__config__.env_file_encoding
  54. ),
  55. env_nested_delimiter=(
  56. _env_nested_delimiter if _env_nested_delimiter is not None else self.__config__.env_nested_delimiter
  57. ),
  58. env_prefix_len=len(self.__config__.env_prefix),
  59. )
  60. file_secret_settings = SecretsSettingsSource(secrets_dir=_secrets_dir or self.__config__.secrets_dir)
  61. # Provide a hook to set built-in sources priority and add / remove sources
  62. sources = self.__config__.customise_sources(
  63. init_settings=init_settings, env_settings=env_settings, file_secret_settings=file_secret_settings
  64. )
  65. if sources:
  66. return deep_update(*reversed([source(self) for source in sources]))
  67. else:
  68. # no one should mean to do this, but I think returning an empty dict is marginally preferable
  69. # to an informative error and much better than a confusing error
  70. return {}
  71. class Config(BaseConfig):
  72. env_prefix: str = ''
  73. env_file: Optional[DotenvType] = None
  74. env_file_encoding: Optional[str] = None
  75. env_nested_delimiter: Optional[str] = None
  76. secrets_dir: Optional[StrPath] = None
  77. validate_all: bool = True
  78. extra: Extra = Extra.forbid
  79. arbitrary_types_allowed: bool = True
  80. case_sensitive: bool = False
  81. @classmethod
  82. def prepare_field(cls, field: ModelField) -> None:
  83. env_names: Union[List[str], AbstractSet[str]]
  84. field_info_from_config = cls.get_field_info(field.name)
  85. env = field_info_from_config.get('env') or field.field_info.extra.get('env')
  86. if env is None:
  87. if field.has_alias:
  88. warnings.warn(
  89. 'aliases are no longer used by BaseSettings to define which environment variables to read. '
  90. 'Instead use the "env" field setting. '
  91. 'See https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/usage/settings/#environment-variable-names',
  92. FutureWarning,
  93. )
  94. env_names = {cls.env_prefix + field.name}
  95. elif isinstance(env, str):
  96. env_names = {env}
  97. elif isinstance(env, (set, frozenset)):
  98. env_names = env
  99. elif sequence_like(env):
  100. env_names = list(env)
  101. else:
  102. raise TypeError(f'invalid field env: {env!r} ({display_as_type(env)}); should be string, list or set')
  103. if not cls.case_sensitive:
  104. env_names = env_names.__class__(n.lower() for n in env_names)
  105. field.field_info.extra['env_names'] = env_names
  106. @classmethod
  107. def customise_sources(
  108. cls,
  109. init_settings: SettingsSourceCallable,
  110. env_settings: SettingsSourceCallable,
  111. file_secret_settings: SettingsSourceCallable,
  112. ) -> Tuple[SettingsSourceCallable, ...]:
  113. return init_settings, env_settings, file_secret_settings
  114. @classmethod
  115. def parse_env_var(cls, field_name: str, raw_val: str) -> Any:
  116. return cls.json_loads(raw_val)
  117. # populated by the metaclass using the Config class defined above, annotated here to help IDEs only
  118. __config__: ClassVar[Type[Config]]
  119. class InitSettingsSource:
  120. __slots__ = ('init_kwargs',)
  121. def __init__(self, init_kwargs: Dict[str, Any]):
  122. self.init_kwargs = init_kwargs
  123. def __call__(self, settings: BaseSettings) -> Dict[str, Any]:
  124. return self.init_kwargs
  125. def __repr__(self) -> str:
  126. return f'InitSettingsSource(init_kwargs={self.init_kwargs!r})'
  127. class EnvSettingsSource:
  128. __slots__ = ('env_file', 'env_file_encoding', 'env_nested_delimiter', 'env_prefix_len')
  129. def __init__(
  130. self,
  131. env_file: Optional[DotenvType],
  132. env_file_encoding: Optional[str],
  133. env_nested_delimiter: Optional[str] = None,
  134. env_prefix_len: int = 0,
  135. ):
  136. self.env_file: Optional[DotenvType] = env_file
  137. self.env_file_encoding: Optional[str] = env_file_encoding
  138. self.env_nested_delimiter: Optional[str] = env_nested_delimiter
  139. self.env_prefix_len: int = env_prefix_len
  140. def __call__(self, settings: BaseSettings) -> Dict[str, Any]: # noqa C901
  141. """
  142. Build environment variables suitable for passing to the Model.
  143. """
  144. d: Dict[str, Any] = {}
  145. if settings.__config__.case_sensitive:
  146. env_vars: Mapping[str, Optional[str]] = os.environ
  147. else:
  148. env_vars = {k.lower(): v for k, v in os.environ.items()}
  149. dotenv_vars = self._read_env_files(settings.__config__.case_sensitive)
  150. if dotenv_vars:
  151. env_vars = {**dotenv_vars, **env_vars}
  152. for field in settings.__fields__.values():
  153. env_val: Optional[str] = None
  154. for env_name in field.field_info.extra['env_names']:
  155. env_val = env_vars.get(env_name)
  156. if env_val is not None:
  157. break
  158. is_complex, allow_parse_failure = self.field_is_complex(field)
  159. if is_complex:
  160. if env_val is None:
  161. # field is complex but no value found so far, try explode_env_vars
  162. env_val_built = self.explode_env_vars(field, env_vars)
  163. if env_val_built:
  164. d[field.alias] = env_val_built
  165. else:
  166. # field is complex and there's a value, decode that as JSON, then add explode_env_vars
  167. try:
  168. env_val = settings.__config__.parse_env_var(field.name, env_val)
  169. except ValueError as e:
  170. if not allow_parse_failure:
  171. raise SettingsError(f'error parsing env var "{env_name}"') from e
  172. if isinstance(env_val, dict):
  173. d[field.alias] = deep_update(env_val, self.explode_env_vars(field, env_vars))
  174. else:
  175. d[field.alias] = env_val
  176. elif env_val is not None:
  177. # simplest case, field is not complex, we only need to add the value if it was found
  178. d[field.alias] = env_val
  179. return d
  180. def _read_env_files(self, case_sensitive: bool) -> Dict[str, Optional[str]]:
  181. env_files = self.env_file
  182. if env_files is None:
  183. return {}
  184. if isinstance(env_files, (str, os.PathLike)):
  185. env_files = [env_files]
  186. dotenv_vars = {}
  187. for env_file in env_files:
  188. env_path = Path(env_file).expanduser()
  189. if env_path.is_file():
  190. dotenv_vars.update(
  191. read_env_file(env_path, encoding=self.env_file_encoding, case_sensitive=case_sensitive)
  192. )
  193. return dotenv_vars
  194. def field_is_complex(self, field: ModelField) -> Tuple[bool, bool]:
  195. """
  196. Find out if a field is complex, and if so whether JSON errors should be ignored
  197. """
  198. if lenient_issubclass(field.annotation, JsonWrapper):
  199. return False, False
  200. if field.is_complex():
  201. allow_parse_failure = False
  202. elif is_union(get_origin(field.type_)) and field.sub_fields and any(f.is_complex() for f in field.sub_fields):
  203. allow_parse_failure = True
  204. else:
  205. return False, False
  206. return True, allow_parse_failure
  207. def explode_env_vars(self, field: ModelField, env_vars: Mapping[str, Optional[str]]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
  208. """
  209. Process env_vars and extract the values of keys containing env_nested_delimiter into nested dictionaries.
  210. This is applied to a single field, hence filtering by env_var prefix.
  211. """
  212. prefixes = [f'{env_name}{self.env_nested_delimiter}' for env_name in field.field_info.extra['env_names']]
  213. result: Dict[str, Any] = {}
  214. for env_name, env_val in env_vars.items():
  215. if not any(env_name.startswith(prefix) for prefix in prefixes):
  216. continue
  217. # we remove the prefix before splitting in case the prefix has characters in common with the delimiter
  218. env_name_without_prefix = env_name[self.env_prefix_len :]
  219. _, *keys, last_key = env_name_without_prefix.split(self.env_nested_delimiter)
  220. env_var = result
  221. for key in keys:
  222. env_var = env_var.setdefault(key, {})
  223. env_var[last_key] = env_val
  224. return result
  225. def __repr__(self) -> str:
  226. return (
  227. f'EnvSettingsSource(env_file={self.env_file!r}, env_file_encoding={self.env_file_encoding!r}, '
  228. f'env_nested_delimiter={self.env_nested_delimiter!r})'
  229. )
  230. class SecretsSettingsSource:
  231. __slots__ = ('secrets_dir',)
  232. def __init__(self, secrets_dir: Optional[StrPath]):
  233. self.secrets_dir: Optional[StrPath] = secrets_dir
  234. def __call__(self, settings: BaseSettings) -> Dict[str, Any]:
  235. """
  236. Build fields from "secrets" files.
  237. """
  238. secrets: Dict[str, Optional[str]] = {}
  239. if self.secrets_dir is None:
  240. return secrets
  241. secrets_path = Path(self.secrets_dir).expanduser()
  242. if not secrets_path.exists():
  243. warnings.warn(f'directory "{secrets_path}" does not exist')
  244. return secrets
  245. if not secrets_path.is_dir():
  246. raise SettingsError(f'secrets_dir must reference a directory, not a {path_type(secrets_path)}')
  247. for field in settings.__fields__.values():
  248. for env_name in field.field_info.extra['env_names']:
  249. path = find_case_path(secrets_path, env_name, settings.__config__.case_sensitive)
  250. if not path:
  251. # path does not exist, we currently don't return a warning for this
  252. continue
  253. if path.is_file():
  254. secret_value = path.read_text().strip()
  255. if field.is_complex():
  256. try:
  257. secret_value = settings.__config__.parse_env_var(field.name, secret_value)
  258. except ValueError as e:
  259. raise SettingsError(f'error parsing env var "{env_name}"') from e
  260. secrets[field.alias] = secret_value
  261. else:
  262. warnings.warn(
  263. f'attempted to load secret file "{path}" but found a {path_type(path)} instead.',
  264. stacklevel=4,
  265. )
  266. return secrets
  267. def __repr__(self) -> str:
  268. return f'SecretsSettingsSource(secrets_dir={self.secrets_dir!r})'
  269. def read_env_file(
  270. file_path: StrPath, *, encoding: str = None, case_sensitive: bool = False
  271. ) -> Dict[str, Optional[str]]:
  272. try:
  273. from dotenv import dotenv_values
  274. except ImportError as e:
  275. raise ImportError('python-dotenv is not installed, run `pip install pydantic[dotenv]`') from e
  276. file_vars: Dict[str, Optional[str]] = dotenv_values(file_path, encoding=encoding or 'utf8')
  277. if not case_sensitive:
  278. return {k.lower(): v for k, v in file_vars.items()}
  279. else:
  280. return file_vars
  281. def find_case_path(dir_path: Path, file_name: str, case_sensitive: bool) -> Optional[Path]:
  282. """
  283. Find a file within path's directory matching filename, optionally ignoring case.
  284. """
  285. for f in dir_path.iterdir():
  286. if f.name == file_name:
  287. return f
  288. elif not case_sensitive and f.name.lower() == file_name.lower():
  289. return f
  290. return None