PaddleX/paddlex/cv/models/utils/visualize.py

#copyright (c) 2020 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserve.
#
#Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
#you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
#You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
#Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
#distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
#WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
#See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
#limitations under the License.

import os
import cv2
import colorsys
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.figure as mplfigure
import matplotlib.colors as mplc
from matplotlib.backends.backend_agg import FigureCanvasAgg

import paddlex.utils.logging as logging
from .detection_eval import fixed_linspace, backup_linspace, loadRes


def visualize_detection(image, result, threshold=0.5, save_dir='./'):
    """
        Visualize bbox and mask results
    """

    image_name = os.path.split(image)[-1]
    image = cv2.imread(image)
    image = draw_bbox_mask(image, result, threshold=threshold)
    if save_dir is not None:
        if not os.path.exists(save_dir):
            os.makedirs(save_dir)
        out_path = os.path.join(save_dir, 'visualize_{}'.format(image_name))
        cv2.imwrite(out_path, image)
        logging.info('The visualized result is saved as {}'.format(out_path))
    else:
        return image


def visualize_segmentation(image, result, weight=0.6, save_dir='./'):
    """
    Convert segment result to color image, and save added image.
    Args:
        image: the path of origin image
        result: the predict result of image
        weight: the image weight of visual image, and the result weight is (1 - weight)
        save_dir: the directory for saving visual image
    """
    label_map = result['label_map']
    color_map = get_color_map_list(256)
    color_map = np.array(color_map).astype("uint8")
    # Use OpenCV LUT for color mapping
    c1 = cv2.LUT(label_map, color_map[:, 0])
    c2 = cv2.LUT(label_map, color_map[:, 1])
    c3 = cv2.LUT(label_map, color_map[:, 2])
    pseudo_img = np.dstack((c1, c2, c3))

    im = cv2.imread(image)
    vis_result = cv2.addWeighted(im, weight, pseudo_img, 1 - weight, 0)

    if save_dir is not None:
        if not os.path.exists(save_dir):
            os.makedirs(save_dir)
        image_name = os.path.split(image)[-1]
        out_path = os.path.join(save_dir, 'visualize_{}'.format(image_name))
        cv2.imwrite(out_path, vis_result)
        logging.info('The visualized result is saved as {}'.format(out_path))
    else:
        return vis_result


def get_color_map_list(num_classes):
    """ Returns the color map for visualizing the segmentation mask,
        which can support arbitrary number of classes.
    Args:
        num_classes: Number of classes
    Returns:
        The color map
    """
    color_map = num_classes * [0, 0, 0]
    for i in range(0, num_classes):
        j = 0
        lab = i
        while lab:
            color_map[i * 3] |= (((lab >> 0) & 1) << (7 - j))
            color_map[i * 3 + 1] |= (((lab >> 1) & 1) << (7 - j))
            color_map[i * 3 + 2] |= (((lab >> 2) & 1) << (7 - j))
            j += 1
            lab >>= 3
    color_map = [color_map[i:i + 3] for i in range(0, len(color_map), 3)]
    return color_map


# expand an array of boxes by a given scale.
def expand_boxes(boxes, scale):
    """
        """
    w_half = (boxes[:, 2] - boxes[:, 0]) * .5
    h_half = (boxes[:, 3] - boxes[:, 1]) * .5
    x_c = (boxes[:, 2] + boxes[:, 0]) * .5
    y_c = (boxes[:, 3] + boxes[:, 1]) * .5

    w_half *= scale
    h_half *= scale

    boxes_exp = np.zeros(boxes.shape)
    boxes_exp[:, 0] = x_c - w_half
    boxes_exp[:, 2] = x_c + w_half
    boxes_exp[:, 1] = y_c - h_half
    boxes_exp[:, 3] = y_c + h_half

    return boxes_exp


def clip_bbox(bbox):
    xmin = max(min(bbox[0], 1.), 0.)
    ymin = max(min(bbox[1], 1.), 0.)
    xmax = max(min(bbox[2], 1.), 0.)
    ymax = max(min(bbox[3], 1.), 0.)
    return xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax


def draw_bbox_mask(image, results, threshold=0.5):
    # refer to  https://github.com/facebookresearch/detectron2/blob/master/detectron2/utils/visualizer.py
    def _change_color_brightness(color, brightness_factor):
        assert brightness_factor >= -1.0 and brightness_factor <= 1.0
        color = mplc.to_rgb(color)
        polygon_color = colorsys.rgb_to_hls(*mplc.to_rgb(color))
        modified_lightness = polygon_color[1] + (
            brightness_factor * polygon_color[1])
        modified_lightness = 0.0 if modified_lightness < 0.0 else modified_lightness
        modified_lightness = 1.0 if modified_lightness > 1.0 else modified_lightness
        modified_color = colorsys.hls_to_rgb(
            polygon_color[0], modified_lightness, polygon_color[2])
        return modified_color

    _SMALL_OBJECT_AREA_THRESH = 1000
    # setup figure
    width, height = image.shape[1], image.shape[0]
    scale = 1
    fig = mplfigure.Figure(frameon=False)
    dpi = fig.get_dpi()
    fig.set_size_inches(
        (width * scale + 1e-2) / dpi,
        (height * scale + 1e-2) / dpi,
    )
    canvas = FigureCanvasAgg(fig)
    ax = fig.add_axes([0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0])
    ax.axis("off")
    ax.set_xlim(0.0, width)
    ax.set_ylim(height)
    default_font_size = max(np.sqrt(height * width) // 90, 10 // scale)
    linewidth = max(default_font_size / 4, 1)

    labels = list()
    for dt in np.array(results):
        if dt['category'] not in labels:
            labels.append(dt['category'])
    color_map = get_color_map_list(256)

    keep_results = []
    areas = []
    for dt in np.array(results):
        cname, bbox, score = dt['category'], dt['bbox'], dt['score']
        if score < threshold:
            continue
        keep_results.append(dt)
        areas.append(bbox[2] * bbox[3])
    areas = np.asarray(areas)
    sorted_idxs = np.argsort(-areas).tolist()
    keep_results = [keep_results[k]
                    for k in sorted_idxs] if len(keep_results) > 0 else []

    for dt in np.array(keep_results):
        cname, bbox, score = dt['category'], dt['bbox'], dt['score']
        xmin, ymin, w, h = bbox
        xmax = xmin + w
        ymax = ymin + h

        color = tuple(color_map[labels.index(cname) + 2])
        color = [c / 255. for c in color]
        # draw bbox
        ax.add_patch(
            mpl.patches.Rectangle(
                (xmin, ymin),
                w,
                h,
                fill=False,
                edgecolor=color,
                linewidth=linewidth * scale,
                alpha=0.8,
                linestyle="-",
            ))

        # draw mask
        if 'mask' in dt:
            mask = dt['mask']
            mask = np.ascontiguousarray(mask)
            res = cv2.findContours(
                mask.astype("uint8"), cv2.RETR_CCOMP, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)
            hierarchy = res[-1]
            alpha = 0.5
            if hierarchy is not None:
                has_holes = (hierarchy.reshape(-1, 4)[:, 3] >= 0).sum() > 0
                res = res[-2]
                res = [x.flatten() for x in res]
                res = [x for x in res if len(x) >= 6]
                for segment in res:
                    segment = segment.reshape(-1, 2)
                    edge_color = mplc.to_rgb(color) + (1, )
                    polygon = mpl.patches.Polygon(
                        segment,
                        fill=True,
                        facecolor=mplc.to_rgb(color) + (alpha, ),
                        edgecolor=edge_color,
                        linewidth=max(default_font_size // 15 * scale, 1),
                    )
                    ax.add_patch(polygon)

        # draw label
        text_pos = (xmin, ymin)
        horiz_align = "left"
        instance_area = w * h
        if (instance_area < _SMALL_OBJECT_AREA_THRESH * scale
                or h < 40 * scale):
            if ymin >= height - 5:
                text_pos = (xmin, ymin)
            else:
                text_pos = (xmin, ymax)
        height_ratio = h / np.sqrt(height * width)
        font_size = (np.clip((height_ratio - 0.02) / 0.08 + 1, 1.2, 2) * 0.5 *
                     default_font_size)
        text = "{} {:.2f}".format(cname, score)
        color = np.maximum(list(mplc.to_rgb(color)), 0.2)
        color[np.argmax(color)] = max(0.8, np.max(color))
        color = _change_color_brightness(color, brightness_factor=0.7)
        ax.text(
            text_pos[0],
            text_pos[1],
            text,
            size=font_size * scale,
            family="sans-serif",
            bbox={
                "facecolor": "black",
                "alpha": 0.8,
                "pad": 0.7,
                "edgecolor": "none"
            },
            verticalalignment="top",
            horizontalalignment=horiz_align,
            color=color,
            zorder=10,
            rotation=0,
        )

    s, (width, height) = canvas.print_to_buffer()
    buffer = np.frombuffer(s, dtype="uint8")

    img_rgba = buffer.reshape(height, width, 4)
    rgb, alpha = np.split(img_rgba, [3], axis=2)

    try:
        import numexpr as ne
        visualized_image = ne.evaluate(
            "image * (1 - alpha / 255.0) + rgb * (alpha / 255.0)")
    except ImportError:
        alpha = alpha.astype("float32") / 255.0
        visualized_image = image * (1 - alpha) + rgb * alpha

    visualized_image = visualized_image.astype("uint8")

    return visualized_image


def draw_pr_curve(eval_details_file=None,
                  gt=None,
                  pred_bbox=None,
                  pred_mask=None,
                  iou_thresh=0.5,
                  save_dir='./'):
    if eval_details_file is not None:
        import json
        with open(eval_details_file, 'r') as f:
            eval_details = json.load(f)
            pred_bbox = eval_details['bbox']
            if 'mask' in eval_details:
                pred_mask = eval_details['mask']
            gt = eval_details['gt']
    if gt is None or pred_bbox is None:
        raise Exception(
            "gt/pred_bbox/pred_mask is None now, please set right eval_details_file or gt/pred_bbox/pred_mask."
        )
    if pred_bbox is not None and len(pred_bbox) == 0:
        raise Exception("There is no predicted bbox.")
    if pred_mask is not None and len(pred_mask) == 0:
        raise Exception("There is no predicted mask.")
    from pycocotools.coco import COCO
    from pycocotools.cocoeval import COCOeval
    coco = COCO()
    coco.dataset = gt
    coco.createIndex()

    def _summarize(coco_gt, ap=1, iouThr=None, areaRng='all', maxDets=100):
        p = coco_gt.params
        aind = [i for i, aRng in enumerate(p.areaRngLbl) if aRng == areaRng]
        mind = [i for i, mDet in enumerate(p.maxDets) if mDet == maxDets]
        if ap == 1:
            # dimension of precision: [TxRxKxAxM]
            s = coco_gt.eval['precision']
            # IoU
            if iouThr is not None:
                t = np.where(iouThr == p.iouThrs)[0]
                s = s[t]
            s = s[:, :, :, aind, mind]
        else:
            # dimension of recall: [TxKxAxM]
            s = coco_gt.eval['recall']
            if iouThr is not None:
                t = np.where(iouThr == p.iouThrs)[0]
                s = s[t]
            s = s[:, :, aind, mind]
        if len(s[s > -1]) == 0:
            mean_s = -1
        else:
            mean_s = np.mean(s[s > -1])
        return mean_s

    def cal_pr(coco_gt, coco_dt, iou_thresh, save_dir, style='bbox'):
        import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
        from pycocotools.cocoeval import COCOeval
        coco_dt = loadRes(coco_gt, coco_dt)
        np.linspace = fixed_linspace
        coco_eval = COCOeval(coco_gt, coco_dt, style)
        coco_eval.params.iouThrs = np.linspace(
            iou_thresh, iou_thresh, 1, endpoint=True)
        np.linspace = backup_linspace
        coco_eval.evaluate()
        coco_eval.accumulate()
        stats = _summarize(coco_eval, iouThr=iou_thresh)
        catIds = coco_gt.getCatIds()
        if len(catIds) != coco_eval.eval['precision'].shape[2]:
            raise Exception(
                "The category number must be same as the third dimension of precisions."
            )
        x = np.arange(0.0, 1.01, 0.01)
        color_map = get_color_map_list(256)[1:256]

        plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
        plt.title(style + " precision-recall IoU={}".format(iou_thresh))
        plt.xlabel("recall")
        plt.ylabel("precision")
        plt.xlim(0, 1.01)
        plt.ylim(0, 1.01)
        plt.grid(linestyle='--', linewidth=1)
        plt.plot([0, 1], [0, 1], 'r--', linewidth=1)
        my_x_ticks = np.arange(0, 1.01, 0.1)
        my_y_ticks = np.arange(0, 1.01, 0.1)
        plt.xticks(my_x_ticks, fontsize=5)
        plt.yticks(my_y_ticks, fontsize=5)
        for idx, catId in enumerate(catIds):
            pr_array = coco_eval.eval['precision'][0, :, idx, 0, 2]
            precision = pr_array[pr_array > -1]
            ap = np.mean(precision) if precision.size else float('nan')
            nm = coco_gt.loadCats(catId)[0]['name'] + ' AP={:0.2f}'.format(
                float(ap * 100))
            color = tuple(color_map[idx])
            color = [float(c) / 255 for c in color]
            color.append(0.75)
            plt.plot(x, pr_array, color=color, label=nm, linewidth=1)
        plt.legend(loc="lower left", fontsize=5)

        plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
        plt.title(style + " score-recall IoU={}".format(iou_thresh))
        plt.xlabel('recall')
        plt.ylabel('score')
        plt.xlim(0, 1.01)
        plt.ylim(0, 1.01)
        plt.grid(linestyle='--', linewidth=1)
        plt.xticks(my_x_ticks, fontsize=5)
        plt.yticks(my_y_ticks, fontsize=5)
        for idx, catId in enumerate(catIds):
            nm = coco_gt.loadCats(catId)[0]['name']
            sr_array = coco_eval.eval['scores'][0, :, idx, 0, 2]
            color = tuple(color_map[idx])
            color = [float(c) / 255 for c in color]
            color.append(0.75)
            plt.plot(x, sr_array, color=color, label=nm, linewidth=1)
        plt.legend(loc="lower left", fontsize=5)
        plt.savefig(
            os.path.join(save_dir, "./{}_pr_curve(iou-{}).png".format(
                style, iou_thresh)),
            dpi=800)
        plt.close()

    if not os.path.exists(save_dir):
        os.makedirs(save_dir)
    cal_pr(coco, pred_bbox, iou_thresh, save_dir, style='bbox')
    if pred_mask is not None:
        cal_pr(coco, pred_mask, iou_thresh, save_dir, style='segm')